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Multi-Analytical Insight into the Non-Volatile Phytochemical Composition of Coleus aromaticus (Roxb.) Benth.

Chiara Toniolo1, Martina Bortolami1, Adriano Patriarca2

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This study reveals the non-volatile chemical compounds in Coleus aromaticus (Cuban oregano) leaves, identifying organic acids, polyphenols, and amino acids. These findings expand our understanding of its phytochemical profile beyond essential oils.

Keywords:
Coleus aromaticusNMRamino acidschromatographynon-volatile metabolitesorganic acidspolyphenols

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Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Metabolomics
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Coleus aromaticus (Cuban oregano) is traditionally used for medicinal properties.
  • Its essential oils are well-studied, but non-volatile metabolites are less characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the chemical composition of fresh C. aromaticus leaves, focusing on non-volatile compounds.
  • To broaden the phytochemical profile beyond essential oils.

Main Methods:

  • Cryogenic grinding and multiple extraction techniques (hydroalcoholic, ethyl acetate, liquid-liquid partitioning).
  • Metabolic profiling using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
  • Separation and characterization of polar and non-polar metabolites using the Bligh-Dyer method and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Chromatographic analyses detected organic acids, polyphenols (including flavonoids), and amino acids.
  • Spectroscopic data confirmed a diverse range of polar and non-polar metabolites.
  • An integrated approach provided a detailed chemical fingerprint of C. aromaticus.

Conclusions:

  • The study enhances understanding of C. aromaticus non-volatile metabolites and chemical diversity.
  • Findings suggest C. aromaticus is a potential source of bioactive compounds for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.