Precision Profiling of the Cardiovascular Post-Translationally Modified Proteome

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Proteomics

Background:

• Proteins exist as diverse proteoforms, crucial for physiological and pathological signaling.
• Proteoform diversity stems from alternative splicing, translation, and post-translational modifications (PTMs).
• This complexity significantly impacts biological systems and disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of proteoform generation mechanisms.
• To highlight mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics strategies for proteoform analysis.
• To focus on PTMs in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and their study methodologies.

Main Methods:

• Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics.
• Bioinformatics analysis.
• Review of existing literature on PTMs and CVD.

Main Results:

• Detailed mechanisms of proteoform generation are outlined.
• MS-based workflows for analyzing proteoforms, including PTMs, are presented.
• Recent findings linking PTMs to cardiovascular disease are discussed.

Conclusions:

• Understanding proteoform diversity is key to deciphering biological complexity.
• MS-based proteomics offers powerful tools for studying PTMs in CVD.
• This review equips researchers with knowledge to explore PTMs in cardiovascular physiology.