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Interface-Engineered Copper-Barium Strontium Titanate Composites with Tunable Optical and Dielectric Properties.

Mohammed Tihtih1, M A Basyooni-M Kabatas2,3, Redouane En-Nadir4

  • 1Institute of Energy, Ceramics, and Polymer Technology, University of Miskolc, Egyetemváros, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Copper-reinforced barium strontium titanate (BST) ceramic composites exhibit enhanced dielectric and optical properties. These tunable ceramic-metal systems show potential for specialized high-capacitance decoupling applications.

Keywords:
BST/Cu composite systemBarium strontium titanate ceramicsdielectric permittivityelectrical conductivityoptical bandgap reductionspark plasma sintering

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Ceramic Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Barium strontium titanate (BST) is a prominent dielectric material.
  • Enhancing BST properties for advanced applications is crucial.
  • Ceramic-metal composites offer tunable multifunctional characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize copper-reinforced BST ceramic composites.
  • To investigate the effect of varying copper content on BST properties.
  • To explore potential applications in high-capacitance decoupling.

Main Methods:

  • Sol-gel synthesis of BST-Cu composites.
  • Spark plasma sintering (SPS) for densification.
  • X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, SEM, and electrical characterization.

Main Results:

  • Coexistence of cubic and tetragonal BST phases with metallic Cu.
  • Abnormal grain growth and Cu agglomeration observed.
  • Optical bandgap reduced from 3.10 eV to 2.01 eV.
  • Percolation threshold at ~30 wt% Cu for conductivity and permittivity.
  • Maximum permittivity of ~1.2 × 10^5 at 1 kHz for BST-Cu30%.

Conclusions:

  • BST-Cu composites demonstrate tunable dielectric and optical responses.
  • Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization significantly enhances permittivity.
  • Composites show promise for high-capacitance decoupling applications.
  • Properties are dependent on Cu content and connectivity.