Application of a One-Health Approach for Dermatophyte Infections

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Mycology
• Zoonotic Dermatology
• Public Health Microbiology

Background:

• Dermatomycoses present significant zoonotic and public health challenges, involving complex interactions between fungal pathogens, host immunity, and environmental factors.
• A One Health approach, integrating human and animal health, is vital for understanding and managing these infections.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate dermatophyte infections in humans, cats, and dogs in the Umbria region using a One Health strategy.
• To identify etiological agents, determine infection sources, and assess risk factors associated with transmission.

Main Methods:

• Mycological and molecular identification of fungal isolates from eight cases (five humans, two cats, one dog).
• Epidemiological investigation to identify sources of infection and environmental reservoirs.
• Clinical assessment and follow-up for treatment efficacy and recurrence.

Main Results:

• Identified fungal species included *Microsporum canis*, *Nannizzia gypsea*, and *Trichophyton mentagrophytes*.
• The source of infection was identified in four cases, leading to successful treatment and no recurrences after environmental sanitization.
• Close contact with cats was identified as a significant risk factor for transmission.

Conclusions:

• A One Health approach is essential for early recognition, management, and prevention of zoonotic dermatophytoses.
• Interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare professionals and veterinarians is crucial for optimizing treatment and preventing antifungal resistance.
• Continuous surveillance is needed to understand dermatophyte species dynamics and zoonotic potential.