Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

13.8K
Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
13.8K
Classification of Titrimetric Analysis Based on Reaction Types01:01

Classification of Titrimetric Analysis Based on Reaction Types

1.7K
Titrimetric analysis in solution chemistry involves measuring the volume of solutions and is often called volumetric analysis. The standard solution of known concentration in the burette is called the titrant, whereas the solution of unknown concentration in the flask is called the analyte, or titrand. Titrimetric analyses can be classified into four types based on the reactions between the titrant and analyte.
Titrations between an acid and a base lead to neutralization reactions that form...
1.7K
Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications01:18

Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications

4.2K
Cardiovascular diseases, encompassing a range of conditions, can significantly affect the heart's operations and the overall circulatory system. These conditions impair the heart's ability to pump blood, leading to a deficit in oxygen supply to crucial organs. Anomalies in the heart's electrical system, known as arrhythmias, can cause heartbeats to accelerate or slow down. Usually, heart rates increase during physical activity and decrease while resting or sleeping. However,...
4.2K
Distribution Reliability and Automation01:25

Distribution Reliability and Automation

503
Distribution reliability in electrical power systems is critical for ensuring an uninterrupted power supply to consumers at minimal cost. According to IEEE Standard Terms, reliability is the probability that a device will function without failure over a specified time period or amount of usage. For electric power distribution, this translates to maintaining continuous power supply and addressing customer concerns over power outages. Several indices, as defined by IEEE Standard 1366-2012, are...
503
Classification of Neurotransmitters01:30

Classification of Neurotransmitters

5.3K
Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitters synthesized. Cholinergic neurons use acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter. This includes all the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and pre- and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition, neurons of the somatic nervous system also use...
5.3K
Classification of Leukocytes01:30

Classification of Leukocytes

5.7K
Leukocytes are classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules. Granular leukocytes, which contain granules, belong to the myeloid lineage and are divided into three subtypes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells are roughly spherical and characterized by the granules in their cytoplasm.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...
5.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Amputation risk after total ankle arthroplasty: A national database study with verified continued patient enrollment.

Foot and ankle surgery : official journal of the European Society of Foot and Ankle Surgeons·2026
Same author

CORR Insights®: Reduced Cerebellar Activation With Eyes Closed Is Associated With Delayed Peroneal Reaction Time in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability.

Clinical orthopaedics and related research·2026
Same author

Insights into Evolving Trends and Controversies in Orthopaedic Surgery from the ABOS Case Collection System: Data from Current Procedural Terminology-Specific Special Questions, 2022 to 2024.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2026
Same author

Surgical management of first metatarsophalangeal joint osteoarthritis: The rise and fall of the Cartiva® synthetic cartilage implant.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage·2026
Same author

Reply to the Letter to the Editor: Editor's Spotlight/Take 5: CORR Synthesis: What Is the Role of Robotic-assisted Technology in Knee Arthroplasty?

Clinical orthopaedics and related research·2026
Same author

Reply to the Letter to the Editor: Editor's Spotlight/Take 5: CORR Synthesis: What Is the Role of Robotic-assisted Technology in Knee Arthroplasty?

Clinical orthopaedics and related research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

12.4K

A Novel Classification System for Fifth Metatarsal Base Fractures Is Reliable and Clinically Validated.

Randall E Marcus1, Alexander S Rascoe1, Jordan Pasternack2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|January 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new two-part classification system for proximal fifth metatarsal fractures shows high reliability and outperforms existing methods. This system helps surgeons determine treatment and prognosis for avulsion versus indirect injuries.

More Related Videos

Method and Instrumented Fixture for Femoral Fracture Testing in a Sideways Fall-on-the-Hip Position
06:58

Method and Instrumented Fixture for Femoral Fracture Testing in a Sideways Fall-on-the-Hip Position

Published on: August 17, 2017

10.4K
Less-Invasive Technique for Non-stabilized Mandibular Fracture in Mouse Models
04:13

Less-Invasive Technique for Non-stabilized Mandibular Fracture in Mouse Models

Published on: September 27, 2024

864

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

12.4K
Method and Instrumented Fixture for Femoral Fracture Testing in a Sideways Fall-on-the-Hip Position
06:58

Method and Instrumented Fixture for Femoral Fracture Testing in a Sideways Fall-on-the-Hip Position

Published on: August 17, 2017

10.4K
Less-Invasive Technique for Non-stabilized Mandibular Fracture in Mouse Models
04:13

Less-Invasive Technique for Non-stabilized Mandibular Fracture in Mouse Models

Published on: September 27, 2024

864

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Radiographic fracture classification
  • Foot and ankle biomechanics

Background:

  • Current classification systems for proximal fifth metatarsal fractures, like the Lawrence and Botte scheme, suffer from poor reliability and ambiguous clinical implications.
  • Accurate classification is crucial for identifying fractures at high risk of delayed union or nonunion, guiding operative fixation decisions.
  • The ambiguity in classifying Type II fractures highlights the need for a more precise system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and assess the reliability of a novel two-part classification system for proximal fifth metatarsal fractures.
  • To determine the association of this new system with the risk of delayed union or nonunion.
  • To compare the proposed system against the established Lawrence and Botte classification.

Main Methods:

  • A two-part classification system was developed based on the peroneus brevis tendon insertion's footprint and the mechanism of injury (avulsion vs. indirect).
  • Radiographs of 30 proximal fifth metatarsal fractures were classified by nine orthopedic surgeons and three fellows to assess interobserver and intraobserver reliability (Kappa values).
  • Clinical outcomes (healing, nonunion) were qualitatively assessed for 23 patients.

Main Results:

  • The novel two-part classification demonstrated high interobserver reliability (κ = 0.92) and intraobserver reliability (κ = 0.85–1.00).
  • All four indirect fractures treated non-operatively resulted in nonunion; 2 of 11 indirectly injured fractures treated operatively had complications.
  • Seven of eight avulsion fractures treated operatively healed primarily, with one displaced avulsion fracture treated by excision.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed two-part radiographic classification system for proximal fifth metatarsal fractures exhibits high reliability.
  • This system effectively distinguishes between avulsion and indirect injury patterns, offering improved guidance for treatment and prognosis compared to the Lawrence and Botte scheme.
  • The classification warrants consideration for clinical and research applications in managing proximal fifth metatarsal fractures.