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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Published on: March 19, 2017
Bridging Oxidation and Crystallization Pathways in Sn-Pb Perovskites for High-Efficiency, Stable Solar Cells
Manman Hu1, Jens Hauch1, Jianchang Wu1
1Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, HelmholtzInstitute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI-ERN), Erlangen, Germany.
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All-perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs) have recently surpassed the 30% power conversion efficiency milestone, positioning mixed tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskite as indispensable narrow-bandgap absorbers. Their optimal bandgap, reduced lead content, and solution processability make them promising for next-generation photovoltaics. However, their widespread application is hindered by severe stability issues, primarily the facile oxidation of Sn2+ and crystallization mismatch between Sn- and Pb-based phases. Distinct from existing reviews, this short review provides an integrated framework for the two fundamental bottlenecks of Sn-Pb perovskite-Sn2+ oxidation and Sn/Pb crystallization mismatch-linking mechanistic insights across precursor chemistry, thin-film formation, and device operation. We summarize recent advances that enable efficiencies >23% together with thousand-hour operational stability, and we outline future directions toward fully integrated, scalable, and commercialization-relevant stability solutions.
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