Investigations of Some Endocrine Disruptors in Cat Genital Organs

Environmental pollution, particularly from endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), poses a significant threat to living beings. Despite extensive research in humans, studies on companion animals like cats remain limited. This work aimed to investigate the exposure of owned male and female cats to EDCs and the residue levels in their reproductive organs. Reproductive tissues (50 ovaries, 50 uteruses, and 50 testicles) from cats presented for sterilization were analyzed for residues of organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method was validated following international standards. DDTs were the most commonly appointed contaminants, particularly in cats exposed to cigarette smoke and meat-based diets. PAHs were the second most prevalent, with higher concentrations in female reproductive organs compared to male testicles. PCBs were primarily found in testicles, potentially linked to higher meat consumption among male cats. PBDEs were the least frequently detected and only in testicles, at low concentrations. Notably, DDT concentrations were higher in ovaries than in uteruses from the same animals. These findings suggest that indoor cats are vulnerable to EDC exposure, with diet and environmental tobacco smoke as potential sources. Owners should minimize such exposures to safeguard both pet and human health. Given the shared environments and exposure risks between humans and cats, the study highlights the relevance of a One Health perspective.