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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
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Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents01:16

Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents

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Most acid-base titrations are performed in an aqueous medium. In aqueous titrations, water competes with weaker acids or bases for proton donation or acceptance, leading to ambiguous endpoints in the titration curve. Water also affects the partial ionization of weak acids or bases. For example, water accepts a proton from acetic acid to form hydronium and acetate ions. The hydronium ion formed is a stronger acid than acetic acid, and the acetate ion is a stronger base than water. As a result,...
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Passive Filters01:27

Passive Filters

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Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
Low-Pass Filters
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
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What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

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Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

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Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
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Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
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Efficient MA-Free Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by a Solvent-Engineering-Assisted Low-Dimensional Passivation

Yukai Liu1, Sheng Yang1, Hao Wang1

  • 1International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Solvent engineering optimizes quasi-two-dimensional (Q-2D) perovskite passivation in solar cells, preventing structural damage and boosting efficiency to 24.98%. This enhances perovskite solar cell (PSC) stability and performance.

Keywords:
2D/3D perovskite heterostructurehybrid strategylow-dimensional passivationperovskite solar cellresidual PbI2 managementsolvent engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Photovoltaics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Quasi-two-dimensional (Q-2D) perovskites are promising for solar cells.
  • Conventional passivation methods can disrupt perovskite structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To improve perovskite solar cell (PSC) performance and stability.
  • To develop a controlled Q-2D passivation strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Solvent engineering for surface passivation.
  • Utilizing octyl-ammonium iodide (OAI) for Q-2D passivation.
  • Creating 2D/3D heterostructures using residual PbI2.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a power conversion efficiency of 24.98% in FACs-based PSCs.
  • Solvent engineering suppressed destructive infiltration of OA+ ions.
  • Q-2D layer provided hydrophobic protection and enhanced charge transport.

Conclusions:

  • The hybrid strategy enhances PSC efficiency and long-term stability.
  • Q-2D perovskites offer a scalable and durable solution for next-generation photovoltaics.