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Poorer Sentence Reading Comprehension With Increased Reliance on Working Memory in Adults With Hearing Loss
Ruijing Ning1, Erik Marsja1, Emil Holmer1
1Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Sweden.
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
|January 27, 2026
Summary
Hearing loss (HL) impacts reading comprehension by reducing semantic long-term memory (sLTM) access efficiency and increasing reliance on working memory capacity (WMC). This shift affects individuals with HL, highlighting the need for interventions supporting lexical retrieval.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Science
- Neuroscience
- Audiology
Background:
- Hearing loss (HL) is linked to cognitive challenges, but its effect on reading comprehension is understudied.
- Understanding cognitive mechanisms in reading comprehension for individuals with HL is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if HL alters cognitive mechanisms in sentence reading comprehension.
- To determine if HL leads to increased reliance on working memory capacity (WMC) due to reduced semantic long-term memory (sLTM) access efficiency.
- To assess if HL is associated with reduced reading comprehension performance.
Main Methods:
- 432 adults (215 with HL, 217 normal hearing) completed reading comprehension, sLTM access, and WMC tasks.
- Fluid intelligence and education were controlled.
- Multigroup structural equation modeling analyzed group differences and relationships.
Main Results:
- Individuals with HL showed lower reading comprehension scores and less efficient sLTM access.
- No significant difference in WMC between groups, but WMC was more strongly linked to comprehension in the HL group.
- sLTM access was crucial for comprehension in both groups.
Conclusions:
- HL-related reading comprehension difficulties may arise from reduced sLTM efficiency and greater WMC reliance.
- Interventions targeting lexical retrieval could enhance reading comprehension in individuals with HL.
- Supporting reading skills is vital for quality of life and independence in this population.
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