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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Perfluoro Polyether Coated Chloride Solid Electrolytes Enable Stable All-Solid-State Batteries with Ultrahigh-Nickel

Xiao-Bin Cheng1, Yulong Zhao2, Xu-Dong Hao1

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Nano Letters
|January 27, 2026
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Researchers developed a flexible coating for solid electrolytes in all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). This innovation enhances stability and performance, paving the way for safer, high-energy-density batteries.

Keywords:
all-solid-state lithium batterieschloride solid electrolytesinterface engineeringsolid electrolyte coatingultrahigh-nickel cathodes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) with ultrahigh-nickel cathodes promise high energy density and safety.
  • Challenges include poor interface compatibility and oxidative decomposition at high voltages.
  • Developing stable interfaces is crucial for next-generation ASSLBs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a stable interface for chloride solid electrolytes in ASSLBs.
  • To improve the mechanical flexibility and electrochemical stability of solid electrolytes.
  • To enable high-voltage operation of ASSLBs with ultrahigh-nickel cathodes.

Main Methods:

  • Coating chloride solid electrolyte Li0.9NbO0.9Cl4.1 (LNOC) with perfluoro polyether carboxylic acid (PFPE-COOH) via ball milling.
  • Characterization of the coating's thickness, ionic conductivity, and mechanical properties.
  • Fabrication and electrochemical testing of ASSLBs with modified LNOC and single-crystal LiNi0.92Co0.05Mn0.03O2 cathodes.

Main Results:

  • A uniform 1.2 nm PFPE-COOH coating was achieved on LNOC, preserving high ionic conductivity (5.82 mS cm-1).
  • The coating effectively suppressed oxidative decomposition and reduced the Young's modulus of LNOC from 3.78 to 1.53 GPa.
  • ASSLBs demonstrated exceptional cycling stability, retaining 80.6% capacity after 400 cycles at a 4.6 V cutoff voltage.

Conclusions:

  • PFPE-COOH coating provides an effective interfacial engineering strategy for chloride solid electrolytes.
  • The modified electrolyte enhances mechanical flexibility and electrochemical stability for high-voltage ASSLBs.
  • This approach facilitates the development of high-energy-density and long-cycling all-solid-state lithium batteries.