SMARCB-1-Positive Rhabdoid Squamous Cell Carcinoma Following Liver Transplant: Systematic Review and Unique Case...

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Transplantation Immunology

Background:

• Squamous cell carcinoma with rhabdoid features (SCCR) is an aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma.
• SCCR is often associated with INI-1-inactivating mutations and immunosuppression, particularly post-transplantation.
• The pathogenesis of SCCR remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a rare case of SCCR in a liver transplant recipient.
• To review existing literature on SCCR.
• To increase awareness of this aggressive entity.

Main Methods:

• Case presentation of a 63-year-old male liver transplant recipient.
• Pathological analysis including immunohistochemistry (INI-1, EMA, CK5/6, desmin, CK18, CK19).
• Literature review of 14 previously reported SCCR cases.

Main Results:

• A 13 mm moderately differentiated SCCR was diagnosed on the scalp 5 months post-transplant.
• Immunohistochemistry showed INI-1 positivity, focal EMA, and CK5/6 positivity.
• The patient was on tacrolimus and mycophenolate therapy.

Conclusions:

• SCCR can develop in immunosuppressed patients, such as organ transplant recipients.
• This case demonstrates the distinct clinical and pathological features of SCCR.
• Timely diagnosis and management are crucial due to the aggressive nature of SCCR.