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Forensic Lab-on-a-Disc for enhanced sperm cell purification in differential extraction workflows.

Un Na Koh1, Vijaya Sunkara2, Beomhee Ahn3

  • 1Department of Forensic Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea.

Forensic Science International. Genetics
|January 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel centrifugal microfluidic device, the Forensic Lab-on-a-Disc, rapidly separates sperm cells for forensic DNA analysis. This technology significantly improves male DNA recovery and reduces processing time compared to conventional methods.

Keywords:
Centrifugal microfluidicsDifferential extractionForensic Lab-on-a-DiscForensic scienceSexual assault casesSperm cell separation

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Microfluidics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Efficient sperm cell separation is crucial for forensic DNA analysis, especially in sexual assault cases.
  • Conventional differential extraction (cDE) methods are laborious, time-consuming, and lead to DNA loss.
  • Current methods often compromise DNA recovery and quality, impacting forensic investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a rapid, semi-automated method for sperm cell and non-sperm DNA separation.
  • To improve DNA recovery, quality, and processing efficiency in forensic samples.
  • To overcome the limitations of conventional sperm separation techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a centrifugal microfluidic device (Forensic Lab-on-a-Disc) with tangential flow filtration and dual membranes (10 µm and 1 µm).
  • Optimized filter pore size and washing cycles for maximal sperm recovery and minimal non-sperm DNA contamination.
  • Compared the device's performance against conventional differential extraction (cDE) methods.

Main Results:

  • The Forensic Lab-on-a-Disc achieved rapid sperm separation in approximately 6 minutes.
  • Demonstrated significantly higher male DNA ratios and improved reproducibility compared to cDE.
  • Successfully recovered male DNA with minimal non-sperm DNA carryover, even in high-ratio samples (1000:1).

Conclusions:

  • The Forensic Lab-on-a-Disc offers a transformative solution for accelerating forensic DNA analysis in sexual assault cases.
  • The device reduces operator variability and minimizes risks of non-sperm DNA carryover, improving mixture interpretation.
  • This microfluidic approach enhances efficiency, reproducibility, and DNA recovery in forensic sperm separation.