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PhyCARE reporting guidelines for physiotherapy case reports: a consensus-based development
Waqar M Naqvi1, Gaurav V Mishra2, Summaiya Zareen Shaikh3
1Department of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research Deemed to be University, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.
BMJ Open
|January 27, 2026
Summary
Physiotherapy case reports (CRs) now have improved reporting standards with the new Physiotherapy CAse REport (PhyCARE) guidelines. These consensus-driven guidelines enhance transparency and reproducibility in physiotherapy research.
Area of Science:
- Physiotherapy
- Clinical Research Reporting
- Evidence-Based Practice
Background:
- Case reports (CRs) are vital in physiotherapy but suffer from inconsistent reporting.
- Existing guidelines like the CAse REport (CARE) lack physiotherapy-specific details.
- Standardized reporting is crucial for transparency and reproducibility in physiotherapy CRs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a consensus-driven extension of the CARE guideline for physiotherapy CRs.
- To create the Physiotherapy CAse REport (PhyCARE) guidelines.
- To incorporate physiotherapy-specific assessments and interventions into reporting standards.
Main Methods:
- An online e-Delphi consensus process adhering to ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document (ACCORD) guidelines.
- Involved 44 international physiotherapy experts and 6 core committee members.
- Iterative refinement of guidelines based on expert scoring (Likert scale) and open-ended feedback, with consensus defined as >70% agreement.
Main Results:
- Two rounds of e-Delphi achieved high consensus (>70%) on all 35 items across 13 domains.
- Five new items specific to physiotherapy reporting were added.
- Guidelines were finalized after online meetings and piloting, resulting in the PhyCARE guidelines.
Conclusions:
- The PhyCARE guidelines offer a physiotherapy-specific extension to the CARE guidelines.
- They aim to support structured, transparent, and reproducible reporting of physiotherapy CRs.
- Implementation of PhyCARE is expected to improve the quality of physiotherapy case report literature.
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