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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Endangered bowhead whales might buffer climate change with individual variability in movement patterns.

Benia V R Nowak1,2, Christian Lydersen3, Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen4

  • 1Norwegian Polar Institute Fram Centre, Tromsø, 9296, Norway. bernadettenowak@gmail.com.

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The endangered East Greenland-Svalbard-Barents Sea bowhead whale population utilizes offshore deep waters. Individual movement variability may offer resilience against climate change impacts on their habitat.

Keywords:
Balaena mysticetusForaging ecologyHabitat useMovement ecologyResilienceResource selection

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Marine Mammal Science

Background:

  • Assessing species vulnerability to climate change is crucial for conservation.
  • Bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) show varied recovery post-exploitation.
  • The East Greenland-Svalbard-Barents Sea (EGSB) population is endangered with limited ecological data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate habitat use and movement patterns of the endangered EGSB bowhead whale population.
  • To understand the influence of environmental conditions on EGSB bowhead whale ecology.
  • To assess the resilience of this vulnerable population to climate change.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of location data from 38 instrumented EGSB bowhead whales (2017-2021).
  • Home range analyses and resource selection function modeling.
  • Move persistence estimation using linear mixed-effects modeling to link movement to environmental variables.

Main Results:

  • EGSB bowhead whales inhabit a year-round offshore, deep-water core area.
  • Movement patterns exhibited significant individual variability, suggesting reduced migration.
  • Habitat use was influenced by depth, low sea surface temperatures, and sea ice concentration.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental conditions like temperature and sea ice significantly impact EGSB bowhead whale habitat selection and foraging.
  • Individual variability in movement may confer resilience to climate change.
  • The EGSB bowhead whale population's habitat is vulnerable to ongoing ocean warming.