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What Is Known About Athlete Engagement: A Scoping Review.
Cristina De Francisco1, María Claudia Scurtu2, M Pilar Vílchez3
1Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
Sports Medicine - Open
|January 27, 2026
Summary
This scoping review synthesizes factors influencing athlete engagement, identifying psychological elements like burnout and motivation as key. Findings emphasize developing targeted training programs to enhance athlete engagement.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Psychology
- Performance Analysis
Background:
- Athlete engagement is crucial for optimal athletic functioning.
- Existing research lacks a comprehensive synthesis of engagement correlates across diverse contexts.
- This review addresses the gap by systematically synthesizing factors associated with athlete engagement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide the first comprehensive, systematic synthesis of all factors associated with athlete engagement.
- To establish a foundational evidence base for theoretical model development.
- To inform evidence-based interventions aimed at enhancing athlete engagement.
Main Methods:
- Adherence to PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews and Joanna Briggs Institute methodology.
- Comprehensive search across seven databases, retrieving 1428 papers.
- Final analysis of 48 papers published between 2007 and 2024 after rigorous screening.
Main Results:
- Identified 41 correlates of athlete engagement, categorized as antecedents, consequences, mediators, or related variables.
- Predominantly quantitative, cross-sectional studies utilizing the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire.
- Psychological factors, including burnout, motivation, perfectionism, and coach-athlete relationship, were most frequently studied.
Conclusions:
- Burnout, motivation, perfectionism, and coach-athlete relationship significantly enhance athlete engagement.
- Highlights the importance of addressing these psychological factors in training programs.
- Emphasizes the need for interventions targeting these correlates to promote athlete engagement.
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