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Quantum Numbers

Quantum Numbers

It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.

Bonding in Metals

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.

Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

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Home
Intertwined Orders In A Quantum-entangled Metal.

Home
Intertwined Orders In A Quantum-entangled Metal.

Related Experiment Video

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Intertwined orders in a quantum-entangled metal.

Junyoung Kwon¹, Jaehwon Kim¹, Gwansuk Oh¹

¹Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.

Nature Materials

|January 27, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers quantitatively measured quantum entanglement in correlated materials using resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. This reveals a highly entangled electronic phase near a quantum metal-insulator transition, linking entanglement to unconventional orders.

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Area of Science:

Quantum Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Quantum Information

Background:

Characterizing quantum entanglement in correlated materials is crucial for quantum computing.
Existing methods face challenges in quantitative assessment of entanglement.
Understanding entanglement is key to unlocking novel quantum phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantitatively characterize quantum entanglement in a correlated material system.
To investigate the electronic phase near a quantum metal-insulator transition.
To establish a framework linking entanglement to emergent orders.

Main Methods:

Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) interferometry was employed.
Theoretical modeling was used to capture interference patterns and reconstruct entanglement spectra.

Raman spectroscopy was used for complementary investigations.

Main Results:

A highly entangled electronic phase was identified near a quantum metal-insulator transition.
Entanglement extending across atomic sites was quantitatively reconstructed.
Evidence for coexisting symmetry-breaking orders, including a two-magnon bound state and split phonon modes, was found in Nd2Ir2O7.

Conclusions:

A quantitative framework linking quantum entanglement to emergent unconventional orders was established.
The study provides microscopic resolution of quantum states and their entanglement.
Findings highlight the complex interplay of spin, orbital, charge, and magnetic order.