Microalgae as novel drug-delivery system for biomedical field

Currently, increasing attention is being paid to the extraction and utilization of materials with special biological activities in nature or for medical applications. Owing to their unique biological characteristics and diverse application potential, microalgae are among the most promising materials in the field of biomedicine. Because of their diverse morphology and readily functionalizable surface, they can efficiently carry drugs and achieve targeted drug release. This can avoid major challenges of other methods related to toxicity, biocompatibility, and immunogenicity, which is important for the treatment of various diseases, particularly those related to hypoxia. Despite the distinct advantages of microalgae over other biomaterials, several challenges persist in their practical application. Herein, we comprehensively describe the current state of research on the microalgae drug-delivery system (MDDS). In particular, we explore various microalgae-based strategies and methods to improve the load capacity and stability of DDS, and to achieve target positioning and tracking. With further research on microalgae, their application prospects in DDSs will broaden. In the future, researchers will continue to explore the features and advantages of microalgae; develop more efficient, safe, and accurate DDSs; and provide more options for clinical treatments. Continued progress in microalgal cultivation technology and reduction in large-scale production costs will expand the clinical applications of MDDSs.