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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

132.7K
Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

13.9K
A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces03:00

Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces

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Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...
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IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding01:23

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

1.8K
The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular...
1.8K
Valence Bond Theory02:45

Valence Bond Theory

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Overview of Valence Bond Theory
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Covalent Bonds01:29

Covalent Bonds

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Overview
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Probing Proximal Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding Interactions on a Norbornane Scaffold.

Carly A Rock1, Dakota B Green2, Martin J Flores2

  • 1Oxford High School, Oxford, Mississippi 38655, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that sulfur and phosphorus atoms can act as hydrogen bond acceptors, similar to oxygen and nitrogen. This finding expands the understanding of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in organic molecules.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Molecular Interactions

Background:

  • Intramolecular hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in molecular structure and properties.
  • The scope of hydrogen bond acceptors in organic scaffolds is an area of ongoing research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To computationally investigate the potential of various functional groups to act as intramolecular hydrogen bond acceptors.
  • To assess the strength and characteristics of hydrogen bonds formed between a hydroxyl (OH) donor and different acceptor atoms (F, Cl, Br, O, S, N, P) within a norbornane framework.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic computational study using M06-2X and df-MP2 for geometry optimization.
  • High-level single-point energy calculations with PNO-LCCSD(T)-F12.
  • Analysis of structural, energetic, vibrational (IR spectroscopy), and electronic properties using Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM).

Main Results:

  • Conformations with intramolecular OH···A hydrogen bonds exhibited lower electronic energies compared to non-bonded conformations.
  • Significant red shifts in OH stretching frequencies and deshielding of the hydrogen atom in NMR spectra were observed for bonded conformations.
  • QTAIM analysis confirmed the presence of hydrogen bonds, with electron densities typical for such interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Sulfur (S) and Phosphorus (P) containing groups can effectively act as hydrogen bond acceptors, in addition to traditional N and O acceptors.
  • The rigid norbornane scaffold facilitates the formation of stable intramolecular hydrogen bonds.
  • These findings broaden the understanding of hydrogen bonding capabilities in diverse organic molecules.