Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Social Proof00:52

Social Proof

32.3K
Social proof is a form of persuasion based on comparison and conformity. People compare their behavior and actions to what others are doing and will change to conform to do what their peers do.
32.3K
Surveys02:16

Surveys

16.8K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
16.8K
Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys01:27

Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys

1.0K
Surveying is the art and science of mapping the earth's surface. It involves measuring distances, angles in horizontal or vertical directions, and levels to understand the shape and size of land features. Surveying techniques are essential for various tasks, such as identifying the levels of a land area with reference to a specific point, and mapping undulations and water bodies.There are two main types of surveying: plane surveys and geodetic surveys. Plane surveys assume the earth is flat,...
1.0K
Errors and Mistakes in Surveying01:19

Errors and Mistakes in Surveying

673
Errors and mistakes in surveying refer to inaccuracies in measurements and data recording. The errors are deviations from the actual value caused by human sensory limitations, equipment flaws, or environmental effects. These errors are typically unintentional and can result from the inherent imperfections in the instruments used, atmospheric conditions, or the observer’s inability to perceive exact measurements. On the other hand, mistakes are caused by the surveyor's lack of...
673
Types of Surveys01:27

Types of Surveys

360
Surveys are essential for marking property boundaries near water bodies. Different types of surveys are defined, each with its own function. Land surveys mark the property boundaries, while route surveys determine the position of properties on nearby highways. Topographic surveys create maps by capturing the three-dimensional features of the land. Hydrographic surveys focus on the shapes of underwater areas and the movement of streams through the properties. Mine surveys determine the relative...
360
Survey Safety01:28

Survey Safety

381
Surveying near highways, rough terrain, or power lines involves significant risks. Working along highways is particularly dangerous and requires the use of warning signs and flagmen. It is safest to avoid working directly on roads and use offsets whenever possible. When highway work is unavoidable, it must follow all safety guidelines. Surveyors should wear bright clothing, such as orange reflective vests, to ensure visibility to motorists, coworkers, and hunters. In construction zones, wearing...
381

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Differential infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and expression of PD-L1 in paired biopsy and resection specimens of gastric and colorectal adenocarcinomas.

Frontiers in oncology·2026
Same author

Compliance with early postoperative ambulation and Its associated barriers in hepatobiliary surgery patients within an enhanced recovery after surgery framework.

Frontiers in surgery·2026
Same author

Network meta-analysis of different preoperative hormone therapies for improving postoperative complications in pediatric hypospadias.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same author

Deep Denoising of Wavefront Sensor Signals via Physics-Aware Dual-Channel Decoupled Network (PRISM).

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Identification and validation of BLK and OSBPL10 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma through machine learning algorithms.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

<i>In situ</i> electrodeposition of Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of ascorbic acid.

The Analyst·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Development and Testing of Species-specific Quantitative PCR Assays for Environmental DNA Applications
08:54

Development and Testing of Species-specific Quantitative PCR Assays for Environmental DNA Applications

Published on: November 5, 2020

15.9K

A Survey on Proof of Sequential Work: Development, Security Analysis, and Application Prospects.

Jingjing Zhang1, Yinxia Ran1,2, Xiuju Huang3

  • 1School of Computer and Cyber Sciences, Communication University of China, Dingfuzhuang East Street, Beijing 100024, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Proof of sequential work (PoSW) offers a verifiable way to prove computational time expenditure, crucial for decentralized systems. This review covers PoSW variants, attacks, applications, and the special case of verifiable delay functions (VDFs).

Keywords:
proof of sequential worktime-lock puzzlestimed cryptographyverifiable delay functions

More Related Videos

Prospecting Microbial Strains for Bioremediation and Probiotics Development for Metaorganism Research and Preservation
09:49

Prospecting Microbial Strains for Bioremediation and Probiotics Development for Metaorganism Research and Preservation

Published on: October 31, 2019

23.1K
Development of New Therapeutic Applications Using Microfluidics
08:56

Development of New Therapeutic Applications Using Microfluidics

Published on: October 1, 2007

5.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Development and Testing of Species-specific Quantitative PCR Assays for Environmental DNA Applications
08:54

Development and Testing of Species-specific Quantitative PCR Assays for Environmental DNA Applications

Published on: November 5, 2020

15.9K
Prospecting Microbial Strains for Bioremediation and Probiotics Development for Metaorganism Research and Preservation
09:49

Prospecting Microbial Strains for Bioremediation and Probiotics Development for Metaorganism Research and Preservation

Published on: October 31, 2019

23.1K
Development of New Therapeutic Applications Using Microfluidics
08:56

Development of New Therapeutic Applications Using Microfluidics

Published on: October 1, 2007

5.7K

Area of Science:

  • Cryptography
  • Computer Science

Background:

  • Proof of sequential work (PoSW) is an emerging cryptographic primitive.
  • PoSW proves the real and continuous expenditure of computational time.
  • It has potential applications in decentralized systems, time-stamping, and trusted computing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and discuss Proof of sequential work (PoSW).
  • To analyze the developmental trajectory, variants, attacks, and applications of PoSW.
  • To emphasize the evolutionary path and applications of verifiable delay functions (VDFs) as a special case of PoSW.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review.
  • Comparative analysis of PoSW variants.
  • Discussion of attack vectors and application scenarios.

Main Results:

  • PoSW provides a verifiable method for proving computational time.
  • Diverse applications exist in decentralized systems, time-stamping, and trusted computing.
  • Verifiable delay functions (VDFs) represent a key special case with significant application potential.

Conclusions:

  • PoSW is a foundational primitive for time-based cryptographic verification.
  • Understanding PoSW variants and VDFs is crucial for advancing secure decentralized technologies.
  • This review serves as a comprehensive reference for researchers and practitioners in the field.