Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Development and Testing of Species-specific Quantitative PCR Assays for Environmental DNA Applications
Published on: November 5, 2020
A Survey on Proof of Sequential Work: Development, Security Analysis, and Application Prospects
Jingjing Zhang1, Yinxia Ran1,2, Xiuju Huang3
1School of Computer and Cyber Sciences, Communication University of China, Dingfuzhuang East Street, Beijing 100024, China.
Abstract:
Proof of sequential work (PoSW), as an emerging cryptographic primitive, is designed to provide a verifiable method for proving that a computational process has incurred a real and continuous expenditure of time. This characteristic demonstrates its significant application potential in decentralized systems, time-stamping services, and trusted computing. This paper systematically reviews and discusses the developmental trajectory, typical variants, potential attacks, and diverse applications of PoSW. Concurrently, it places a special emphasis on analyzing the evolutionary path and application scenarios of its important special case-the verifiable delay function (VDF) aiming to provide a comprehensive reference for research and practice in related fields.
Related Concept Videos
Social Proof
Surveys
Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys
Errors and Mistakes in Surveying
Types of Surveys
Survey Safety

