Systemic Inflammatory and Oxidative-Metabolic Alterations in Rosacea: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study

Background/Objectives: Rosacea increasingly appears to involve systemic immune and metabolic disturbances rather than isolated cutaneous inflammation. To evaluate inflammatory, platelet, and oxidative-metabolic biomarkers in rosacea and explore their interrelations. Methods: 90 patients with rosacea and 90 healthy controls were evaluated for hematologic inflammatory indices-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), mean platelet volume (MPV), and C-reactive protein (CRP)-along with oxidative-metabolic regulators including sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), visfatin, and irisin. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to identify independent predictors of rosacea, while inter-marker associations were evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation. Results: Rosacea patients showed higher NLR, PLR, SII, PIV, MPV, CRP, and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.05) and lower SIRT1, SIRT3, visfatin, and irisin (p < 0.01). MPV independently predicted rosacea (OR = 7.24; AUC = 0.827), whereas SIRT1 inversely correlated with disease risk. SIRT1, SIRT3, and visfatin showed inverse correlations with HbA1c and waist-to-height ratio, while fasting glucose and HOMA-IR remained within normal ranges. Conclusions: Rosacea exhibits dual systemic activation, an inflammatory-platelet and an oxidative-metabolic axis bridging immune dysregulation, mitochondrial stress, and vascular dysfunction. Recognition of these pathways highlights the potential of redox-targeted and metabolic interventions beyond symptomatic treatment.