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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy

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Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers,...
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Gastric Motility01:16

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Gastric motility is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscles that convert ingested food into chyme, a semi-liquid substance ready for further digestion in the intestines. The process begins with the vagus nerve inducing the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the fundus and body of the stomach, allowing these regions to expand and accommodate up to approximately 1.5 liters of food and liquid.
Peristaltic Waves and Chyme Formation
Upon food entry, the stomach initiates...
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Gastric Emptying01:16

Gastric Emptying

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Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...
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The gastric phase of digestion begins as soon as food enters the stomach. The incoming food bolus triggers neural and hormonal mechanisms, which last approximately 3 to 4 hours. During this phase, the stomach undergoes significant changes to prepare the food for further digestion and absorption.
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral01:18

Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral

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Medications can be administered through the enteral route using liquids, capsules, or tablets.
Enteral administration involves drug administration via the mouth in two ways: orally or sublingually.
Unlike sublingually drugs, drugs that are taken orally pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and get metabolized by the liver. Once metabolized, the drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation, reaching different body parts via the bloodstream. However, while passing through the stomach,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Robotics in Surgery: A Modular Robotic Platform Driven Gastric Wedge Resection
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Robotic Capsule Endoscopy: Simultaneous Gastric and Enteric Evaluation in Real-World Practice.

Hélder Cardoso1,2,3, Miguel Mascarenhas1,2,3, Joana Mota1,2,3

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, São João University Hospital, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Robotic capsule endoscopy (RCE) offers a feasible way to examine both the stomach and small intestine. This study shows RCE provides high-quality imaging, detects important gastric lesions, and maintains diagnostic accuracy for small bowel evaluation.

Keywords:
Crohn diseaseangiodysplasiacapsule endoscopygastroscopymagnetic fieldspolypsroboticssmall intestine

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Medical Devices
  • Endoscopy

Background:

  • Robotic capsule endoscopy (RCE) integrates magnetic navigation with capsule enteroscopy (CE) for minimally invasive upper and mid-gastrointestinal evaluation.
  • Current diagnostic pathways often require separate procedures for gastric and small bowel assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the real-world implementation and diagnostic performance of RCE in a European tertiary referral center.
  • To assess the feasibility of RCE for simultaneous upper and mid-gastrointestinal examination.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of 85 adult patients undergoing RCE (Omom RC) between June 2023 and July 2025.
  • Patients had indications for small bowel CE with a need for concurrent gastric evaluation.
  • The protocol involved robotic-guided gastric examination followed by passive small bowel transit.

Main Results:

  • RCE identified relevant gastric findings in 46% of patients, including polyps and angiectasias.
  • Small bowel pathology was detected in 71% of patients, with P2/P3 lesions in 42%.
  • Good gastric preparation was achieved in 38%, and one moderate adverse event (capsule retention) occurred.

Conclusions:

  • Robotic capsule endoscopy is a viable tool for comprehensive dual-region gastrointestinal assessment.
  • RCE enables high-quality gastric visualization and early detection of actionable lesions.
  • The diagnostic yield of RCE supports its integration into clinical workflows for combined gastric and small bowel evaluations.