Fatty Liver in Fish: Metabolic Drivers, Molecular Pathways and Physiological Solutions.

Area of Science:

• Aquatic biology
• Fish physiology
• Animal science

Background:

• Fatty liver in fish involves excessive lipid accumulation, leading to metabolic issues and reduced disease resistance.
• The rising incidence of fatty liver is linked to aquaculture's environmental conditions and feeding practices.
• Hepatic steatosis presents significant challenges to the global aquaculture industry.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of fatty liver disease (hepatic steatosis) in fish species.
• To identify common patterns, trends, and correlations in the influencing factors and mechanisms of fatty liver.
• To explore potential solutions and preventive strategies for managing fatty liver in aquaculture.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scholarly works on fish fatty liver.
• Analysis of influencing factors (e.g., feed composition, temperature).
• Examination of underlying mechanisms (e.g., lipid accumulation, inflammation, oxidative stress).

Main Results:

• Identified numerous contributing factors, including feed composition and environmental temperature.
• Explored mechanistic pathways involving lipid accumulation, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
• Highlighted potential solutions such as environmental adaptability, genetic enhancement, and dietary modifications.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the multifaceted nature of fatty liver is crucial for aquaculture.
• Proposed strategies like Nrf2 pathway investigation and rapamycin use offer promising avenues for prevention.
• Findings support improved fisheries management and sustainable aquaculture practices.