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A Novel Lightweight Deep Learning Model for Boar Sperm Head Detection in Microscopic Images: YOLO11_SRP.

Mingchao Pan¹, Lin Gao¹, Zhendong Zhu²

¹College of Automation and Electronic Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI

|January 28, 2026

Summary

A new lightweight model, YOLO11_SRP, accurately detects boar sperm heads in microscopic images. This automated method improves upon existing techniques, offering efficiency for reproductive management.

Keywords:

YOLO boar sperm deep learning microscopic image small-object detection

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Science
Biotechnology
Computer Vision

Background:

Accurate boar sperm head detection is crucial for animal breeding and reproductive management.
Manual counting is subjective and inefficient; existing automated methods struggle with overlapping or fast-moving sperm in high-magnification images.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a lightweight and accurate boar sperm detection model (YOLO11_SRP) for complex microscopic scenarios.
To enhance small-object recognition capabilities for improved automated sperm analysis.

Main Methods:

Proposed a novel lightweight boar sperm detection model, YOLO11_SRP.
Integrated a StarNet backbone, a rectangular self-calibration module, and a low-level detection layer for tiny targets.
Evaluated the model on a boar sperm microscopic image dataset and compared it against the standard YOLO11s framework.

Main Results:

YOLO11_SRP achieved a mean Average Precision (mAP@0.5) of 91.9%, a 13.9% improvement over YOLO11s.
The model reduced parameters by 39% and computational cost by 14.1% compared to YOLO11s.
Demonstrated superior performance in detecting small and overlapping boar sperm heads.

Conclusions:

YOLO11_SRP offers an efficient and accurate solution for boar sperm head detection.
The model supports the development of reliable automated sperm analysis pipelines.
This technology can significantly aid in breeding selection and reproductive management.