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Encephalitozoonosis in Pet Rabbits: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Immunology and Consensus on Clinical Management
Emma Keeble1, Frank Kϋnzel2, Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira3,4
1The Royal (Dick) School for Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK.
Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|January 28, 2026
Summary
Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a common microsporidian parasite affecting rabbits, causing neurological, renal, and ocular issues. This review provides guidelines for diagnosing and treating E. cuniculi infections in rabbits.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Parasitology
- Microbiology
- Animal Health
Background:
- * Encephalitozoon cuniculi (E. cuniculi) is a microsporidian parasite with high prevalence in rabbits.
- * Infections can lead to significant clinical manifestations in neurological, renal, and ocular systems.
- * E. cuniculi poses challenges in pet, production, and laboratory rabbit populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To review the available literature on Encephalitozoon cuniculi infections in rabbits.
- * To propose diagnostic and treatment guidelines for E. cuniculi.
- * To discuss current challenges and future research directions.
Main Methods:
- * Comprehensive literature review of Encephalitozoon cuniculi.
- * Analysis of diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies.
- * Synthesis of information to propose clinical guidelines.
Main Results:
- * Diagnostic options for E. cuniculi ante mortem have limitations in sensitivity and specificity.
- * Serological testing is often adjunctive, requiring integration with other diagnostics.
- * Treatment regimens for E. cuniculi are variable due to a lack of consensus and extensive studies.
Conclusions:
- * There is a need for standardized diagnostic protocols and evidence-based treatment guidelines for E. cuniculi in rabbits.
- * Further research is crucial to address current challenges in managing E. cuniculi infections.
- * Improved understanding and management strategies are essential for rabbit health.
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