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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

16.1K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

5.0K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP of Histone Modifications from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Parental Histone Recycling During Chromatin Replication.

Xin Bi1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.

Biomolecules
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Parental histone recycling during DNA replication ensures epigenetic inheritance. The replisome machinery, including FACT, escorts histones to daughter DNA strands, guided by histone-binding sites.

Keywords:
DNA replicationchromatinepigenetic inheritancehistone chaperonelagging strandleading strandnucleosomeparental histone recyclingreplisome

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Chromatin Dynamics

Background:

  • DNA replication requires efficient chromatin assembly, with parental histone recycling crucial for epigenetic inheritance.
  • Specific pathways facilitate the transfer of parental histones (H3-H4) to nascent DNA during replication.
  • The replisome, the DNA duplication machinery, plays a key role in parental histone recycling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of parental histone recycling during DNA replication.
  • To understand how replisome components facilitate histone transfer to daughter DNA strands.
  • To present a working model for histone chaperone-mediated histone transport across the replisome.

Main Methods:

  • Structural analyses of native and reconstituted replisomes.
  • AlphaFold modeling to predict histone tetramer binding by replisome components.
  • Integration of existing knowledge on replisome factors and histone chaperones.

Main Results:

  • Identified histone-binding activities in key replisome components like CMG helicase, DNA polymerases, and the Fork Protection Complex.
  • Structural and modeling data provide a framework for understanding histone-replisome interactions.
  • A model proposes the histone chaperone FACT escorts parental histones across the replisome.

Conclusions:

  • The replisome is intrinsically involved in parental histone recycling, utilizing specific components for histone binding and transfer.
  • The FACT chaperone plays a central role in escorting histones from parental DNA to nascent strands.
  • Further research is needed to detail the spatiotemporal coordination of these events.