Protein S-Palmitoylation as Potential Therapeutic Target for Dermatoses

Protein S-palmitoylation is a pivotal yet poorly integrated research field in dermatology. This reversible post-translational lipid modification primarily occurs on cysteine residues and is principally catalyzed by zinc finger and Asp-His-His-Cys DHHC-domain containing proteins (zDHHCs). The S-palmitoylation/depalmitoylation cycle directly affects protein localization, trafficking, stability, and protein-protein interaction, thereby regulating a variety of signaling pathways, including those mediating inflammation and immune reaction. Accumulating evidence has indicated that S-palmitoylation regulates various skin biological functions, including skin inflammation, skin barrier function, hair growth, and melanin synthesis, and is ultimately implicated in the initiation and development of massive dermatoses, such as alopecia and psoriasis. The recent development of new research tools, coupled with S-palmitoylation's therapeutic potential, makes the timely synthesis of its role in skin pathophysiology both critical and opportune. Here, we summarize recent advances in understanding the mechanistic roles of S-palmitoylation in dermatological conditions and evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target for innovative treatment strategies.