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Wayfinding with Impaired Vision: Preferences for Cues, Strategies, and Aids (Part I-Perspectives from Visually
Dominique P H Blokland1, Maartje J E van Loef1, Nathan van der Stoep2
1Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Brain Sciences
|January 28, 2026
Summary
People with visual impairments (VIPs) rely on hearing for orientation, but individual sensory preferences and environmental factors significantly influence their wayfinding strategies during orientation and mobility (O&M) training.
Area of Science:
- Human-Computer Interaction
- Assistive Technologies
- Sensory Perception
Background:
- Orientation and Mobility (O&M) training helps people with visual impairments (VIPs) navigate environments.
- Understanding VIPs' wayfinding preferences is crucial for effective O&M training.
- Current knowledge lacks clarity on factors shaping VIPs' wayfinding experiences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To map individual differences in sensory modality preferences for orientation and mobility in VIPs.
- To identify personal and environmental factors influencing these sensory preferences.
- To inform O&M training strategies based on individual needs.
Main Methods:
- Conducted interviews with eleven Dutch VIPs.
- Included participants with varying visual impairment onset, ontology, and severity.
- Employed thematic analysis to interpret interview data.
Main Results:
- Hearing is the primary sensory modality for orientation among VIPs.
- Reliance on other senses, knowledge, aid, or help varies individually.
- Environmental factors (weather, crowds, familiarity) impact sensory modality use.
- Energy management needs may mediate strategy and preference choices.
Conclusions:
- Findings offer insights for O&M instructors to tailor training strategies.
- Individualized approaches are essential for effective VIP wayfinding.
- Understanding sensory preferences enhances O&M training effectiveness.
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