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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions01:20

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The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem.
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The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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The z-transform is a powerful mathematical tool used in the analysis of discrete-time signals and systems. It is a crucial tool in the analysis of discrete-time systems, but its convergence is limited to specific values of the complex variable z. This range of values, known as the Region of Convergence (ROC), is fundamental in determining the behavior and stability of a system or signal. The ROC defines the region in the complex plane where the z-transform converges, which can take various...
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Regional terms describe anatomy by dividing the body parts into different regions that contain structures involved in contributing similar functions. Using these terms helps increase the accurate description and identification of the particular region of interest or region affected by the disease.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Telomerase Activity in the Various Regions of Mouse Brain: Non-Radioactive Telomerase Repeat Amplification Protocol TRAP Assay
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Diet-Driven Microglial Activation: Region-Specific Neuroinflammation in the Mouse Brain.

Laura Plantera1, Stephan H Bernhart2, Kerstin Immig1

  • 1Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

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|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-fat diets alter brain gene expression in specific regions, impacting microglial activation and inflammation. Further research is needed to confirm NF-κB pathway involvement.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseNF-κBmicroglianeuroinflammationobesity

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Isolation of Region-specific Microglia from One Adult Mouse Brain Hemisphere for Deep Single-cell RNA Sequencing
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • High-fat diet (HFD) consumption is linked to brain inflammation and neurodegeneration.
  • Previous studies showed HFD up to 24 weeks did not increase pro-inflammatory cytokines or impair memory.
  • This study investigates neuroimmune responses and microglial activation at the transcriptional level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine region- and time-dependent transcriptional changes in the brain induced by HFD.
  • To identify specific genes and pathways involved in neuroimmune responses to HFD.
  • To assess microglial activation signatures in response to HFD.

Main Methods:

  • Male C57BL/6J mice were fed normal diet (ND) or HFD for 4, 12, or 24 weeks.
  • Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on four brain regions: cerebellum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cortex.
  • Analysis focused on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathway enrichment.

Main Results:

  • HFD induced region- and time-dependent transcriptional alterations across brain regions.
  • The hypothalamus and hippocampus showed significant changes, while cerebellar involvement diminished over time.
  • Consistent regulation of three genes (Lcn2, Ch25h, Gimap9) and identification of DEGs linked to microglial activation and inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • HFD selectively disrupts brain homeostasis through region-specific transcriptional changes.
  • These changes are associated with microglial activation and inflammatory processes.
  • NF-κB-related pathways are potential candidates, but require direct mechanistic validation.