Neurobiological Convergence in SPDs and ADHD: Insights from a Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Developmental Psychology
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Sensory processing disorders (SPDs) impact 5-13% of young children, affecting development and daily functioning.
• Despite research, the neurobiological basis of SPDs is unclear, with a lack of reliable biomarkers.
• Overlapping symptoms with ADHD lead to frequent misdiagnosis and treatment challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and synthesize current research on the neurofunctional and molecular aspects of SPDs.
• To compare SPDs with ADHD, highlighting shared and distinct neurobiological pathways.
• To clarify diagnostic distinctions and inform targeted interventions for SPDs.

Main Methods:

• Narrative review of existing literature.
• Comparison of neuroimaging and neurophysiological findings in SPDs and ADHD.
• Analysis of molecular and behavioral data.

Main Results:

• Evidence suggests shared neurobiological mechanisms between SPDs and ADHD.
• Distinct pathways also exist, crucial for differential diagnosis.
• Current diagnostic criteria and biomarkers for SPDs require refinement.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of SPDs is critical for accurate diagnosis.
• Differentiating SPDs from ADHD requires careful consideration of converging and diverging pathways.
• Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions and biomarkers for SPDs.