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Neurobiological Convergence in SPDs and ADHD: Insights from a Narrative Review

Daniele Corbo1, Laura Clara Grandi2

  • 1Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.

Biology
|January 28, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Sensory processing disorders (SPDs) affect children

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Sensory processing disorders (SPDs) impact 5-13% of young children, affecting development and daily functioning.
  • Despite research, the neurobiological basis of SPDs is unclear, with a lack of reliable biomarkers.
  • Overlapping symptoms with ADHD lead to frequent misdiagnosis and treatment challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current research on the neurofunctional and molecular aspects of SPDs.
  • To compare SPDs with ADHD, highlighting shared and distinct neurobiological pathways.
  • To clarify diagnostic distinctions and inform targeted interventions for SPDs.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Comparison of neuroimaging and neurophysiological findings in SPDs and ADHD.
  • Analysis of molecular and behavioral data.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests shared neurobiological mechanisms between SPDs and ADHD.
  • Distinct pathways also exist, crucial for differential diagnosis.
  • Current diagnostic criteria and biomarkers for SPDs require refinement.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of SPDs is critical for accurate diagnosis.
  • Differentiating SPDs from ADHD requires careful consideration of converging and diverging pathways.
  • Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions and biomarkers for SPDs.

Keywords:
attention deficit hyperactivity disorderneuroimagingsensory dysfunctionssensory processing disorderssensory system

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