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Interpersonal Dynamics at Work: How Positive and Negative Experiences Simultaneously Influence Work Attitudes.

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Workplace incivility and prosocial interactions significantly impact job attitudes. Interpersonal experiences, especially from supervisors, explain much of the variance in employee job satisfaction and commitment.

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Area of Science:

  • Organizational Behavior
  • Occupational Health Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Workplace mistreatment and positive interactions are often studied in isolation.
  • Employees regularly experience both positive and negative interpersonal events at work.
  • A gap exists in understanding the relative impact of these dual experiences on job attitudes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relative importance of workplace incivility and prosocial experiences on job attitudes.
  • To investigate the influence of interpersonal workplace experiences on cynicism, job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and commitment.
  • To explore the differential impact of these experiences on various employee demographics.

Main Methods:

  • Data collected from a large university in the northeastern United States.
  • Relative weights analysis used to determine the contribution of each interpersonal experience to job attitudes.
  • Analyses controlled for established job stressors.

Main Results:

  • Both incivility and prosocial experiences were significantly related to cynicism towards organizational change, job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and affective commitment.
  • Interpersonal experiences accounted for approximately 50% of the variance in job attitudes, highlighting their substantial impact.
  • Supervisor-derived experiences were identified as particularly influential.

Conclusions:

  • Interpersonal workplace experiences play a critical role in shaping employee job attitudes.
  • These experiences have a stronger influence on job attitudes for racial minority workers compared to white workers.
  • Future research should continue to explore the nuances of workplace interpersonal dynamics and their effects.