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Related Concept Videos

Dietary Connections01:23

Dietary Connections

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In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used...
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Proteins: Dietary Sources and Requirements01:28

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Consuming animal-based products offers high-quality proteins that contain optimal levels and combinations of essential amino acids, crucial for tissue repair and growth. Foods like eggs, milk, fish, and most meats are a source of complete proteins. Legumes and cereals are abundant in proteins; however, they typically lack a full range of essential amino acids. As a result, they are considered incomplete protein sources. Some plant sources like soybeans, quinoa, and amaranth do contain complete...
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What is the Immune System?01:38

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Overview
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Carbohydrates: Dietary Sources and Requirements01:15

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Carbohydrates are predominantly obtained from plant sources. With the exception of lactose found in milk and insignificant glycogen amounts in meat, most consumed carbohydrates have plant origins. Monosaccharides and disaccharides, or sugars, can be sourced from fruits, honey, milk, sugar cane, and sugar beets. Grains and vegetables are rich in the polysaccharide starch. Two types of polysaccharides provide fiber: cellulose, which is abundant in many vegetables, forms undigestible roughage or...
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Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements01:18

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Lipids are an essential component of a balanced human diet. Triglycerides, which make up the majority of dietary lipids, are found in both saturated fats—commonly present in meat, dairy products, and certain tropical plants like coconut, and hydrogenated oils such as margarine and baking shortenings (trans fats)—and unsaturated fats, which are abundant in seeds, nuts, olive oil, and most vegetable oils. The main sources of cholesterol include egg yolks, various meats and organ...
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Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:48

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Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

A Data-Driven Approach to Quantifying Immune States in Sepsis
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Dietary Fiber and Melanoma: Exploring Microbiome-Driven Immune Modulation.

Laci Turner1, Connor K Sisk1, Nabiha Yusuf2

  • 1Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.

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Dietary fiber intake may enhance melanoma immunotherapy by modulating the gut microbiome. Fiber-rich diets and specific gut bacteria are linked to better responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors and improved survival.

Keywords:
beta-glucandietary fibergut microbiomeimmune checkpoint inhibitorsimmune modulationinulinmelanomamicrobiome modulationprebioticsshort-chain fatty acids

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • The gut microbiome significantly impacts melanoma development and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
  • Dietary fiber is a crucial modifiable factor influencing gut microbial composition and metabolite production.
  • Understanding fiber's role is key to optimizing melanoma treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanistic, preclinical, and clinical evidence on how dietary fiber affects melanoma immunity and treatment.
  • To explore the impact of fiber-rich diets and specific gut bacteria on melanoma immunotherapy.
  • To identify potential fiber-based interventions for melanoma patients.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus for studies within the last five years.
  • 491 unique records were screened, and 49 relevant peer-reviewed studies were qualitatively synthesized.
  • The review included mechanistic, preclinical, observational, and interventional research.

Main Results:

  • Fiber fermentation yields short-chain fatty acids that regulate immune cell function and cytokine signaling.
  • Preclinical models show fiber enhances anti-tumor immunity and ICI efficacy in a microbiota-dependent way.
  • In humans, fiber intake and specific bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia) correlate with better ICI response, longer survival, and reduced colitis.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary fiber shows promise as a safe adjunct therapy for melanoma immunotherapy.
  • Further controlled trials are necessary to establish causality and optimize fiber interventions due to study variability and conflicting data.