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The Extracellular Matrix and the Immune System in Acute Lung Injury: Partners in Damage and Repair
Feiyan Xie1, Yuheng Sun1, Jing Wang1
1Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Biomedicines
|January 28, 2026
Summary
Acute lung injury (ALI) involves immune system and extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. Targeting this ECM-immune axis offers new therapeutic strategies for lung repair.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Immunology
- Biomaterials Science
Background:
- Acute lung injury (ALI) pathogenesis involves immune dysregulation and matrix remodeling.
- The extracellular matrix (ECM) actively regulates lung injury and repair, not just structure.
- Inflammation, oxidative stress, and coagulation pathways are key drivers of ALI.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advances in ECM biology and immunopathology in ALI.
- To delineate how ECM remodeling influences and is shaped by the inflammatory microenvironment.
- To evaluate emerging therapeutic strategies targeting the ECM-immune axis in ALI.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of current research on ECM biology and immunopathology.
- Analysis of biochemical and physical modes of ECM remodeling.
- Critical evaluation of therapeutic strategies for ALI.
Main Results:
- ECM remodeling actively engages in bidirectional crosstalk with the immune system.
- Therapeutic strategies include modulating protease activity, cell-matrix interactions, and ECM integrity.
- ALI can be viewed as a disease of immune-matrix reciprocity.
Conclusions:
- The ECM is a dynamic immunoregulatory hub in lung injury.
- Understanding ECM-immune interactions is crucial for developing precision therapies for ALI.
- Targeting the ECM-immune axis holds promise for treating pulmonary disorders.
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