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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Types of Reports I: Hands-off Report01:25

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A hand-off report, also known as a change-of-shift report, is a crucial nursing process that ensures the smooth transition of patient care responsibilities between nursing staff.
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Purpose and Process:
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Types of Reports II: Incident or Occurrence Report01:21

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An Incident or Occurrence Report in a healthcare setting is a crucial document used to record any unexpected occurrence that may or may not have affected a patient, employee, or visitor. Such reports are critical to improving patient safety and include all details leading up to and including the event.
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Types of Reports III: Telephone and Verbal Reports01:26

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Telephone and Verbal Reports in healthcare settings are two communication methods for conveying therapeutic instructions from healthcare providers to nurses or other healthcare staff.
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5-Number Summary01:04

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In a dataset, the 5-number summary includes the minimum data value, the data value of the first quartile, the median data value or data value of the second quartile, the data value of the third quartile, and the maximum data value. These 5 data values can be visualized as a box and whisker plot.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Evaluation of Capillary and Other Vessel Contribution to Macular Perfusion Density Measured with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
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Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Report 5: Cardiovascular Risk.

Josep Rosinés-Fonoll1,2, Ruben Martin-Pinardel2,3, Sonia Marias-Perez1,2

  • 1Institut Clínic d'Oftalmologia (ICOF), Hospital Clínic, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.

Biomedicines
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) reveals reduced retinal vessel density and perfusion density are linked to higher cardiovascular risk in type 1 diabetes patients. OCTA may help identify those at increased cardiovascular risk.

Keywords:
cardiovascular risk assessmentcardiovascular risk predictorscentral macular thicknessdiabetic retinopathyfoveal avascular zoneoptical coherence tomographyoptical coherence tomography angiographyperfusion densityretinal nerve fiber layervessel density

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Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Cardiology
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk.
  • Early detection of CV risk in T1D is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) offers a non-invasive method to assess retinal microvasculature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between OCTA parameters and CV risk scores in individuals with T1D.
  • To determine if OCTA metrics can identify T1D patients with elevated CV risk.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of a prospective OCTA trial cohort (NCT03422965).
  • Collected demographic, systemic, and ocular data, including OCTA imaging.
  • Stratified T1D participants into moderate, high, and very high CV risk categories using the STENO T1 Risk Engine.

Main Results:

  • 501 participants (397 T1D, 104 controls) were analyzed.
  • Higher CV risk categories showed significantly reduced retinal vessel density (VD) and perfusion density (PD).
  • Negative correlations were found between CV risk and VD, PD, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness; central macular thickness (CMT) showed a positive correlation.

Conclusions:

  • OCTA-derived metrics, specifically reduced retinal VD and PD, are associated with elevated CV risk scores in T1D patients.
  • OCTA parameters, such as CMT, are significantly associated with 5-year CV risk.
  • OCTA shows promise as a non-invasive tool for identifying T1D individuals with increased CV risk.