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The Great Potential of DNA Methylation in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: From Biological Basics to Clinical

Wanying Xie1, Ying Wen1, Siqi Gong1

  • 1Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China.

Biomedicines
|January 28, 2026
PubMed

Insights

DNA methylation plays a key role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression and treatment resistance. Methylation testing and epigenetic therapies offer promising avenues for early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and improved outcomes in TNBC.

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Oncology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with poor prognosis due to chemotherapy resistance.
  • DNA methylation, an epigenetic regulator, significantly influences gene expression and contributes to TNBC tumor progression and therapeutic resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on DNA methylation in TNBC.
  • To explore the potential of DNA methylation in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction for TNBC.
  • To highlight the role of DNA methylation in overcoming drug resistance and predicting therapeutic response.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review integrating current research findings and clinical perspectives.
  • Analysis of preclinical and early-phase clinical studies on epigenetic therapies targeting DNA methylation in TNBC.
  • Examination of DNA methylation testing technologies and liquid biopsy applications for TNBC diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Aberrant DNA methylation patterns are implicated in TNBC progression and resistance to chemotherapy.
  • DNA methylation testing and liquid biopsy offer potential for early TNBC diagnosis and treatment.
  • Epigenetic therapies targeting DNA methylation show promise for TNBC treatment.
  • DNA methylation-based prognostic models can guide personalized precision treatment for TNBC patients.

Conclusions:

  • DNA methylation presents significant research prospects for TNBC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
  • Translating methylation-driven insights into clinical strategies is crucial for advancing precision oncology in TNBC.
  • Further research and clinical trials are needed to fully realize the potential of DNA methylation in managing TNBC.
Keywords:
DNA methylationdiagnosisdrug resistancepredicting prognosistreatmenttriple-negative breast cancer

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