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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Sexual Transmission of American Trypanosomes from Males and Females to Naive Mates
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Is It Rape or Consent? College Men Just Don't Know.

Stephanie A Navarro Silvera1, Eva S Goldfarb1, Amanda S Birnbaum1

  • 1Department of Public Health, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cisgender heterosexual men show a persistent lack of understanding regarding consent, with scores worsening over time. This highlights a critical need for improved consent education targeting harmful gender norms and promoting equitable relationships.

Keywords:
consentconsent education and sex educationgender/sexualitysexual violence and misconductuniversity campus

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Public Health
  • Gender Studies

Background:

  • Women and LGBTQ+ students experience higher rates of sexual assault.
  • Campus sexual violence remains a significant issue, with questions about consent education's effectiveness.
  • Cisgender heterosexual men are disproportionately perpetrators of sexual violence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the understanding of consent among undergraduate students.
  • To analyze changes in consent understanding over time.
  • To identify disparities in consent knowledge based on gender and sexuality.

Main Methods:

  • Survey of 1567 undergraduate students at a large Northeastern public university.
  • Data collected in 2017 and 2022.
  • Analysis of a nine-item consent scale by gender, sexuality, and demographics.

Main Results:

  • Cisgender heterosexual men demonstrated poorer understanding of consent compared to women and LGBTQ+ students in both 2017 and 2022.
  • Consent scores for cisgender heterosexual men showed no improvement and worsened on some items.
  • Other student groups exhibited significant improvements in recognizing consent nuances.

Conclusions:

  • Cisgender heterosexual men's understanding of consent has not improved despite awareness campaigns.
  • Deeply ingrained beliefs about consent and masculinity present a persistent challenge.
  • Educational efforts must directly address harmful gender norms and promote equitable relationships.