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Multidimensional Loneliness Among University Students: A Latent Profile Approach
Aditya Banerjee1, Neena Kohli2, Sarabjeet Kaur Chawla1
1Department of Liberal Arts Humanities & Social Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|January 28, 2026
Summary
University students experience loneliness differently, impacting mental health. Identifying distinct loneliness profiles, like social-emotional or romantic, aids targeted interventions for student well-being.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Mental Health Research
- Sociology
Background:
- Student loneliness is a growing concern linked to adverse mental health outcomes.
- Existing research under-explores the interplay between the sources and intensity of loneliness and mental health.
- Understanding diverse loneliness experiences is crucial for effective student support.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify distinct loneliness profiles among university students using latent profile analysis (LPA).
- To investigate how these profiles differ concerning mental health (depression, anxiety, stress), social support, and life satisfaction.
- To examine demographic and personality predictors (Big Five traits) of profile membership.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional survey of 912 university students in Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Utilized validated questionnaires for loneliness, mental health, social support, life satisfaction, and Big Five personality traits.
- Latent profile analysis (LPA) in Jamovi was employed to identify loneliness profiles, with fit indices (BIC, AIC, BLRT) and entropy used for model selection.
Main Results:
- Four distinct loneliness profiles were identified: Social and emotional lonely (31.4%), Moderate romantic lonely (23.8%), Moderate social lonely (8.2%), and Severe romantic lonely (36.6%).
- The 'Social and emotional lonely' profile exhibited the highest levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.
- The 'Moderate romantic lonely' profile reported the highest life satisfaction and social support; relationship status was a significant factor, and neuroticism strongly predicted profile membership.
Conclusions:
- The study successfully categorized university student loneliness into four distinct profiles, highlighting variations in sources and severity.
- Findings underscore the need for tailored interventions, moving beyond a one-size-fits-all approach to address specific student needs.
- Identifying at-risk students within specific loneliness profiles can inform the development of more effective and targeted mental health support strategies.
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