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Fatigue

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Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...

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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Wearable Devices to Identify Central Versus Peripheral Limitations During Exercise

Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Wearable Devices to Identify Central Versus Peripheral Limitations During Exercise

Published on: December 19, 2024

Biomechanical Monitoring of Exercise Fatigue Using Wearable Devices: A Review.

Yang Chen¹, Siqi Li¹, Jian Kuang²

¹School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, China.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 28, 2026

Summary

Monitoring exercise fatigue is crucial for athletes and workers. Wearable biomechanical sensors like IMUs, IPSs, and sEMG offer a practical solution for real-time fatigue assessment.

Keywords:

biomechanical exercise fatigue fatigue diagnosis injury prevention real-time monitoring wearable

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Area of Science:

Sports Science
Biomedical Engineering
Human Movement Analysis

Background:

Exercise fatigue negatively impacts performance, increases injury risk, and affects safety in various demanding activities.
Accurate fatigue monitoring is vital for optimizing training, preventing injuries, and ensuring long-term health.
Biomechanical indicators (kinematics, ground reaction forces, EMG) reveal fatigue-related changes but traditional lab methods are impractical for continuous monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current advancements in wearable sensor technologies for biomechanical exercise fatigue monitoring.
To highlight the principles, advantages, and limitations of Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Insole Pressure Sensors (IPSs), and surface electromyography (sEMG) systems.

Main Methods:

Review of recent literature on wearable sensor systems for exercise fatigue.
Synthesis of data on IMU, IPS, and sEMG technologies for biomechanical assessment.
Analysis of the strengths and challenges associated with each wearable technology.

Main Results:

Wearable technologies (IMUs, IPSs, sEMG) enable continuous, noninvasive, real-time biomechanical fatigue assessment.
These systems offer a viable alternative to traditional laboratory-based methods for field monitoring.
Each technology presents unique strengths and challenges in practical application.

Conclusions:

Wearable biomechanical sensors represent a significant advancement in exercise fatigue monitoring.
IMUs, IPSs, and sEMG provide valuable data for optimizing performance and safety.
Further development is needed to overcome challenges and enhance the widespread adoption of these technologies.