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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

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Engineering Resilience: How Irradiation Strategies Influence 3D-Bioprinted Adipose Stem Cells.

Nicki Amiri1, Rafael Schmid1, Stefan Schrüfer2

  • 1Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.

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Three-dimensional cultured adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) show radioresistance. Moderate irradiation (2 Gy and 5 Gy) did not significantly affect ASC viability or metabolic activity, suggesting their potential for reconstructive surgery after radiation exposure.

Keywords:
adipose-derived stem cellsbiofabricationbioinkcell viabilityirradiationmesenchymal stem cellstissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Reconstructive surgery faces challenges in covering defects post-irradiation due to tissue ischemia and fibrosis.
  • Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance flap survival in irradiated tissues.
  • The impact of irradiation on ASC behavior and efficacy remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of irradiation on 3D-cultured ASCs.
  • To assess the viability and radioresistance of ASCs following exposure to varying radiation doses.

Main Methods:

  • ASCs were cultured in 3D constructs and exposed to 2 Gy and 5 Gy of irradiation, with a 0 Gy group as control.
  • Cell viability was assessed using WST-8 assay, live/dead assay, and fluorescence microscopy at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-irradiation.
  • Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was utilized to analyze the expression of HIF-1α, p53, and IL-6.

Main Results:

  • ASCs maintained high cell survival rates 24 hours after irradiation.
  • A significant 1.5-fold increase in HIF-1α expression was observed in the 2 Gy group compared to controls at 24 hours.
  • No significant differences in metabolic activity or survival were detected across groups and timepoints.

Conclusions:

  • 3D-cultured ASCs exhibit remarkable radioresistance to moderate irradiation levels.
  • These findings suggest that ASCs could be a viable option for reconstructive procedures in irradiated areas.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the radiobiological effects on ASCs.