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Beyond the Bottleneck: Predicting Regeneration Potential in Sunflower Through Integrated Morphological and

Kimon Ionas1, Mirjana Vukosavljev1, Emilija Bulić1

  • 1Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.

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Summary

This study reveals genotype-specific sunflower regeneration patterns and identifies early root formation as a key predictor for successful plant breeding and genetic engineering. Optimized regeneration protocols are crucial for crop improvement.

Keywords:
genotype-by-medium interactionmultivariate analysis (hierarchical clustering)predictive morphological markersregeneration protocolsucrose concentrationsunflower regenerationtemporal morphogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Sunflower regeneration is complex, influenced by genotype and media.
  • Understanding genotype-medium interactions is vital for efficient breeding and transformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze genotype-medium interactions and temporal morphogenesis in sunflower regeneration.
  • To identify predictive morphological markers for organogenic success.
  • To develop a scalable framework for sunflower breeding and genetic engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 18 sunflower genotypes for organogenic performance.
  • Utilized Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) to categorize genotypes.
  • Assessed regeneration across different media (S1, R4) and sucrose concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct regeneration categories: High, Moderate/Specific, and Non-Regenerators.
  • Medium R4 outperformed S1, promoting root formation.
  • Early root formation at 14 days (Root 14D) proved a reliable predictor of regeneration success.

Conclusions:

  • Established a genotype-tailored regeneration framework for sunflowers.
  • Highlighted the importance of media composition and early root development.
  • Provided a foundation for advancing molecular breeding and CRISPR/Cas applications in sunflowers.