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Updated: Jan 29, 2026
11:31
Evaluation of the Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles
Published on: May 22, 2019
15.0K
SHIV.D Infection Alters Production and Protein Composition of Myeloid-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Rachel M Podgorski1, Amir Yarmahmoodi2, Stephen Baak1
1Center for NeuroVirology and Gene Editing, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 28, 2026
Summary
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from myeloid cells in the brain carry inflammatory proteins during simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection. This study reveals their role in HIV-associated neurological disease.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
- Virology
Background:
- Neurological complications are frequent in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
- The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in HIV-related brain pathology is understudied.
- EVs mediate intercellular communication and cargo transport during viral infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate circulating EV populations and myeloid-derived EV protein cargo in a rhesus macaque model of HIV.
- To understand the contribution of EVs to neurological disease during SHIV infection.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a simian-human immunodeficiency chimeric virus (SHIV.D) rhesus macaque model.
- Employed EV flow cytometry to quantify EV subpopulations in plasma.
- Performed whole proteomic analysis on EVs derived from infected macrophages.
Main Results:
- Increased TMEM119+ microglial EVs and CD171+ neuronal EVs were observed in plasma during SHIV viremia and antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppression.
- Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from infected macaques produced more EVs.
- Myeloid EVs from SHIV-infected MDMs showed elevated levels of neuropathogenic and inflammatory proteins.
Conclusions:
- Myeloid-derived EVs are significantly altered during SHIV infection.
- These EVs carry increased neuropathogenic and inflammatory cargo, suggesting a role in HIV-associated neurological disease.
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