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Review and Preview01:10

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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
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Review and Preview01:13

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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Biodegradable (PLGA) Implants in Pediatric Trauma: A Brief Review.

Herman Nudelman1,2, Tibor Molnár1, Gergő Józsa1

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Complex, Division of Surgery, Traumatology and Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pécs, 7 József Attila Street, 7623 Pécs, Hungary.

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Summary

Biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) implants offer a safe alternative for pediatric fracture fixation. These resorbable devices eliminate the need for removal surgery, reducing risks for children.

Keywords:
PLGAabsorbablebiodegradablefractureosteosynthesispoly-l-lactic-co-glycolic-acid

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Metallic implants in pediatric orthopedic surgery necessitate removal, increasing risks.
  • Biodegradable implants offer a solution by avoiding secondary surgeries.
  • Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a key material in this field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review the use of PLGA implants in pediatric fracture fixation.
  • Evaluate their advantages over traditional metallic hardware.
  • Assess safety and efficacy in pediatric trauma.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a narrative review of existing evidence and clinical data.
  • Focused on PLGA's degradation mechanism and mechanical properties.
  • Included studies on various pediatric fractures (forearm, ankle, etc.).

Main Results:

  • PLGA implants showed effective healing and stable fixation comparable to metal.
  • Complication rates were similar to traditional devices.
  • Patients experienced reduced morbidity and no need for implant removal.

Conclusions:

  • PLGA bioabsorbable implants are safe and effective for pediatric fracture fixation.
  • Favorable degradation and performance support their use in pediatric trauma.
  • Advances in polymer design will expand future applications.