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Pneumothorax-I01:26

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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
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Can We Use Simple Radiographic Measurements to Predict Need for Intervention in Neonatal Pneumothorax?

Kati N Baillie1, Rohit Misra1, Pauravi Vasavada2

  • 1Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiographic measurements can predict the need for intervention in neonatal pneumothorax (PTX). Larger PTX size ratios indicate a higher likelihood of requiring procedures like thoracentesis (TC) or chest tube (CT) insertion.

Keywords:
chest tuberespiratory distress syndromethoracentesisthoracostomy

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Radiology
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Neonatal pneumothorax (PTX) affects 1-2% of newborns, posing significant risks.
  • Effective management strategies are crucial for reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality.
  • Predicting the need for intervention aids in resource allocation and personnel availability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess if radiographic PTX size measurements can predict the need for procedural intervention in neonates.
  • To guide clinical decision-making regarding the management of neonatal PTX.
  • To optimize the availability of necessary personnel for interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 62 neonatal PTX cases (March 2016-October 2024).
  • Radiographic PTX size calculated using the ratio of PTX transverse measurement to hemithorax width (AP and decubitus views).
  • Statistical analysis correlated PTX size ratio with the need for intervention (thoracentesis, chest tube).

Main Results:

  • Larger PTX size ratios on AP and decubitus views strongly correlated with the need for intervention (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.008).
  • Only 33% of PTXs required intervention; 93% of those undergoing thoracentesis (TC) also needed a chest tube (CT).
  • Lower gestational age (GA) and birth weight were risk factors for intervention; a PTX/hemithorax ratio cutoff of 0.184 predicted intervention with 0.902 AUC.

Conclusions:

  • Radiographic PTX size ratios are highly predictive of intervention needs in neonates, particularly term infants.
  • Smaller infants and those with lower GA face higher risks for procedural intervention.
  • Findings support informed clinical strategies for managing neonatal PTX and ensuring personnel readiness.