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Endocrine Disorders of Calcium Signaling in Children: Neuroendocrine Crosstalk and Clinical Implications

Roberto Paparella1, Francesca Pastore1, Lavinia Marchetti1

  • 1Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.

Cells
|January 28, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Calcium ions (Ca2+) are vital for children's growth and development, regulating hormones and brain function. Disruptions in calcium signaling can lead to pediatric endocrine and neurological disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Calcium Signaling

Background:

  • Calcium ions (Ca2+) are essential second messengers regulating critical endocrine, neuronal, and metabolic functions.
  • Proper calcium signaling is vital for growth, hormone balance, neuromuscular control, and neurodevelopment in children and adolescents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of calcium in pediatric hormone secretion, parathyroid and vitamin D metabolism, and neuronal excitability.
  • To discuss genetic and metabolic disorders impacting calcium sensing and signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on calcium's role in pediatric neuroendocrinology.
  • Analysis of monogenic and metabolic disorders associated with calcium signaling.

Main Results:

  • Calcium signaling disruptions are implicated in various pediatric endocrine diseases with neurological symptoms.
  • Mutations in genes such as CASR, GNA11, AP2S1, STIM1, and ORAI1 affect calcium sensing and signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding calcium's role is crucial for diagnosing and managing pediatric neuroendocrine disorders.
  • Future directions involve precision medicine approaches for early recognition and improved outcomes in pediatric neuroendocrinology.

Keywords:
calcium channelopathiescalcium signalingcalcium-targeted therapeuticsneurodevelopmentpediatric neuroendocrine disorders

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