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The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
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Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
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In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
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Perspectives on Adrenal Tumor Surgery.

Catalin Baston1,2, Andreea Parosanu1,3, Oana Moldoveanu1,2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Sanitary Heroes Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.

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Adrenal tumors vary greatly in type and presentation. Surgical management, including minimally invasive or open adrenalectomy, is crucial for diagnosis and treatment, with approach tailored to tumor characteristics.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Adrenal gland tumors are often incidental findings with challenging evaluations due to heterogeneity.
  • Surgical resection is the primary treatment for both benign and malignant adrenal lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize clinical, demographic, and pathological features of adrenal tumors.
  • To assess surgical management patterns for adrenal tumors in a tertiary referral center.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 112 patients undergoing adrenalectomy (2015-2022).
  • Review of demographic, clinical, radiological, and surgical data.
  • Histopathological classification into benign tumors, primary malignancies, or metastases.

Main Results:

  • 48% benign, 32% metastatic, 19.6% primary adrenal malignancies.
  • Adrenocortical carcinoma predominantly affected women over 55.
  • Renal cell carcinoma was the most common source of adrenal metastasis.

Conclusions:

  • Adrenal tumors exhibit significant variability, necessitating tailored surgical approaches.
  • Minimally invasive adrenalectomy suits benign lesions; open adrenalectomy is preferred for malignant/advanced tumors.
  • Surgical expertise is vital for optimal oncologic outcomes in adrenal tumor management.