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Summary

The masseteric artery (Ma) often enters the masseter muscle (Mm) near the masseteric nerve (Mn). Understanding their relationship aids facial reanimation surgery, but the Ma

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Surgical Anatomy
  • Head and Neck Anatomy

Background:

  • The masseteric artery (Ma) enters the masseter muscle (Mm) with the masseteric nerve (Mn) via the mandibular notch.
  • Detailed knowledge of the intramuscular course of the Ma and its relationship to the Mn is limited.
  • A consistent anatomical relationship could aid facial reanimation surgery and ultrasound localization of the Mn.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the intramuscular course of the masseteric artery (Ma).
  • To clarify the relationship between the masseteric artery (Ma) and the masseteric nerve (Mn) within the masseter muscle (Mm).
  • To assess the potential utility of the Ma for intramuscular orientation and indirect localization of the Mn.

Main Methods:

  • Examination of sixty hemicrania from thirty Thiel-embalmed postmortem individuals (aged 54-99 years).
  • Analysis of the intramuscular branching patterns and spatial relationship of the masseteric artery (Ma) to the masseteric nerve (Mn).
  • Classification of the masseteric artery's (Ma) terminal course within the masseter muscle (Mm).

Main Results:

  • Four types of masseteric artery (Ma) termination were identified within the masseter muscle (Mm): Type 0 (5%), Type 1 upper third (48.3%), Type 2 middle third (41.7%), and Type 3 lower third (5%).
  • The Ma consistently entered the Mm inferior and, in 85% of cases, slightly posterior to the Mn.
  • The main trunk of the Ma crossed the Mn in the upper and middle thirds of the Mm in 31.7% and 23.3% of cases, respectively; smaller branches crossed the Mn in 45% of cases.

Conclusions:

  • The masseteric artery (Ma), when present, can serve as an intramuscular landmark for orientation and indirect localization of the masseteric nerve (Mn) via the mandibular notch.
  • The Ma's limited reach into the lower third of the masseter muscle (Mm) makes it unsuitable for distal intramuscular orientation to locate the Mn.
  • Findings provide valuable anatomical insights for surgeons performing facial reanimation procedures involving the masseteric nerve (Mn).