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Waste Powder Biotite as a Factor Enhancing the Flexural Strength of RPC
Stefania Grzeszczyk1, Tomasz Rajczyk2, Aneta Matuszek-Chmurowska1
1Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Opole University of Technology, Katowicka Street 48, 45-061 Opole, Poland.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
Summary
Reactive powder concrete (RPC) utilizing waste migmatite-amphibolite powder enhances flexural strength due to biotite content. However, replacing quartz sand with waste sand reduces compressive strength. This research explores sustainable concrete material alternatives.
Area of Science:
- Civil Engineering
- Materials Science
- Sustainable Construction
Background:
- Reactive powder concrete (RPC) advancements involve modifying conventional compositions by substituting cement and aggregates.
- Investigating sustainable alternatives for traditional materials in RPC is crucial for eco-friendly construction.
- Waste materials from aggregate processing offer potential as supplementary cementitious materials or aggregates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the properties of RPC produced using waste sand and powder from migmatite-amphibolite aggregate processing.
- To evaluate the impact of substituting quartz powder and sand with waste materials on RPC's mechanical properties.
- To understand the microstructural mechanisms behind strength variations in RPC incorporating these waste materials.
Main Methods:
- RPC mixtures were designed with varying proportions of waste migmatite-amphibolite powder and sand.
- Mechanical properties, including compressive and flexural strength, were tested for the developed RPC mixtures.
- Mineral composition and microstructure analysis were performed using microscopy to understand hydration product formation and material interactions.
Main Results:
- Replacing quartz powder with waste powder increased flexural strength by 23% but decreased compressive strength by 7%.
- Substituting both quartz powder and sand with waste materials led to a 14% reduction in compressive strength and a smaller increase in flexural strength.
- Microstructural analysis revealed that flake-shaped biotite in the waste powder promotes hydration product attachment, enhancing flexural strength.
Conclusions:
- Waste powder from migmatite-amphibolite aggregate processing, rich in biotite, can be effectively used as a mineral admixture to improve RPC flexural strength.
- The lower compressive strength of the waste sand is the primary reason for the reduction in RPC compressive strength when substituted.
- The findings highlight the potential of utilizing industrial waste in concrete technology for enhanced performance and sustainability.
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