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An Advanced Multi-Analytical Approach to Study Baroque Painted Wood Sculptures from Apulia (Southern Italy).

Daniela Fico1, Giorgia Di Fusco2,3, Maurizio Masieri3

  • 1Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.

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Summary

This study analyzed Baroque wood sculptures from Southern Italy using advanced techniques. Researchers identified original painting materials and techniques, aiding in art conservation efforts.

Keywords:
Baroque periodItalian wood sculpturebindersmicroscopic techniquesmultianalytical approachpigmentsspectroscopic/spectrometric techniques

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Area of Science:

  • Art Conservation Science
  • Material Science
  • Art History

Background:

  • Baroque wooden sculptures in Southern Italy are valuable cultural heritage.
  • Understanding their original materials and techniques is crucial for conservation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pictorial materials and techniques of 17th-18th century Neapolitan Baroque wood sculptures.
  • To differentiate original layers from later repainting.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multi-analytical approach with micro-invasive techniques.
  • Included polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (Py-GC/HRMS).

Main Results:

  • Successfully identified stratigraphic sequences and discriminated pictorial layers.
  • Detected organic components: lipids and proteinaceous compounds (binders), terpenic resins (varnishes).
  • Identified specific materials: siccative oils, animal glue, egg, and colophony.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidated painting techniques and ground preparation layers.
  • Provided insights into Baroque wooden sculpture in Southern Italy.
  • Offers valuable information for art restorers and conservation specialists.