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Entropy02:39

Entropy

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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Entropy01:18

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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
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Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

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Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
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Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
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Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Storage01:23

Storage

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A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
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Designing TiZrNbTa-Al Medium-Entropy Alloy for Next-Generation Hydrogen Storage.

Jakub Kubaško1, Miloš Matvija1, Katarína Nigutová2

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Adding aluminum to medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) enhances solid-state hydrogen storage. The optimal 5 at. % Al alloy shows improved hydrogen uptake and mechanical properties for efficient hydrogen energy applications.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Hydrogen Storage Technologies

Background:

  • Medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) are promising for solid-state hydrogen storage.
  • Key properties include high hydrogen affinity, structural stability, and tunable characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of aluminum (Al) addition on (TiZrNbTa) MEAs.
  • Clarify Al's influence on microstructure, mechanical properties, and hydrogen sorption.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized (TiZrNbTa){100-x}Alx (x = 0-10 at. %) MEAs via arc melting and annealing.
  • Characterized alloys using microscopy, XRD, density, hardness, and nanoindentation.
  • Evaluated hydrogen sorption via isobaric absorption and thermogravimetric desorption analysis.

Main Results:

  • Aluminum addition non-linearly increased hardness and elastic modulus.
  • Al significantly affected activation behavior, hydrogen uptake, and residual hydrogen.
  • The 5 at. % Al alloy demonstrated balanced performance: lower activation temp, high capacity, moderate stiffness.

Conclusions:

  • Controlled aluminum alloying optimizes TiZrNbTa-based MEAs for hydrogen storage.
  • Aluminum addition tailors hydrogen-metal interactions for improved performance.
  • MEAs with 5 at. % Al offer a promising balance for practical hydrogen storage applications.