Sarcopenia as a Multisystem Disorder-Connections with Neural and Cardiovascular Systems-A Related PRISMA Systematic...

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Neuromuscular Physiology
• Metabolic Disorders

Background:

• Sarcopenia, traditionally viewed as a geriatric condition, is now recognized as prevalent in the general population.
• Its complex basis involves neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and metabolic factors, necessitating further investigation.
• This systematic review adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current evidence on the underlying mechanisms of sarcopenia.
• To highlight contemporary diagnostic approaches for sarcopenia.
• To summarize management strategies for sarcopenia.

Main Methods:

• A systematic search of international databases was conducted for studies published between January 2023 and December 2024.
• Forty-two articles were selected based on predefined criteria, with eleven additional high-relevance studies included.
• The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) methodology guided the review process.

Main Results:

• Sarcopenia pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving mitochondrial dysfunction, neuromuscular junction degeneration, inflammation, anabolic resistance, and endocrine/metabolic dysregulation.
• Diagnostic methods emphasize functional assessments (muscle strength, physical performance), complemented by imaging and biomarkers.
• Rehabilitation is a key therapeutic approach, with nutritional optimization and pharmacologic interventions showing promise.

Conclusions:

• Sarcopenia is a multifactorial disease extending beyond the aging process.
• Future research and clinical practice must adopt a holistic view of sarcopenia's complex etiology.
• Integrated management strategies are crucial for addressing sarcopenia effectively.